SHIFT(1)                   POSIX Programmer's Manual                  SHIFT(1)



PPRROOLLOOGG
       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The OS
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
       OS manual page for details of OS behavior), or the interface may not be
       implemented on OS.

NNAAMMEE
       shift -- shift positional parameters

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       shift [[_n]]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       The positional parameters shall be shifted. Positional parameter 1
       shall be assigned the value of parameter (1+_n), parameter 2 shall be
       assigned the value of parameter (2+_n), and so on. The parameters
       represented by the numbers ""$$##"" down to ""$$##--nn++11"" shall be unset, and
       the parameter ''##'' is updated to reflect the new number of positional
       parameters.

       The value _n shall be an unsigned decimal integer less than or equal to
       the value of the special parameter ''##''.  If _n is not given, it shall be
       assumed to be 1. If _n is 0, the positional and special parameters are
       not changed.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       None.

OOPPEERRAANNDDSS
       See the DESCRIPTION.

SSTTDDIINN
       Not used.

IINNPPUUTT FFIILLEESS
       None.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
       None.

AASSYYNNCCHHRROONNOOUUSS EEVVEENNTTSS
       Default.

SSTTDDOOUUTT
       Not used.

SSTTDDEERRRR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OOUUTTPPUUTT FFIILLEESS
       None.

EEXXTTEENNDDEEDD DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       None.

EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS
       If the _n operand is invalid or is greater than ""$$##"", this may be
       considered a syntax error and a non-interactive shell may exit; if the
       shell does not exit in this case, a non-zero exit status shall be
       returned. Otherwise, zero shall be returned.

CCOONNSSEEQQUUEENNCCEESS OOFF EERRRROORRSS
       Default.

       _T_h_e _f_o_l_l_o_w_i_n_g _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s _a_r_e _i_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_.

AAPPPPLLIICCAATTIIOONN UUSSAAGGEE
       None.

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
       $$ set a b c d e
       $$ shift 2
       $$ echo $*
       cc dd ee

RRAATTIIOONNAALLEE
       None.

FFUUTTUURREE DDIIRREECCTTIIOONNSS
       None.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       _S_e_c_t_i_o_n _2_._1_4, _S_p_e_c_i_a_l _B_u_i_l_t_-_I_n _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s

CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology --
       Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
       Group.  In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the
       original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can
       be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .



IEEE/The Open Group                  2017                             SHIFT(1)
